2. Parameters Effect On Scavenging Efficiency
A metal scavenging study using SiliaBond® Metal Scavengers products was conducted on various metal catalysts commonly used in organic synthesis. Various parameters were studied for their influence on the scavengers' robustness as well as to establish the best conditions to bring the level of metal down to an acceptable level for the pharmaceutical industry (i.e.: solvent, number of equivalents, temperature, reaction time, and nature of the catalyst).
Solvent effect on Scavenging Efficiency
SiliaBond Metal Scavengers can safely be used in any organic and aqueous solvents. However, the nature of the solvent does sometimes influence the scavenging efficiency.
Reaction Time and Number of Equivalents effect on Scavenging Efficiency
The fast scavenging kinetic of SiliaBond Metal Scavengers allows the reduction of the residual metal concentration to very low ppm in a few minutes. However, various parameters affect the kinetic. The influence of reaction time, temperature, and number of equivalents used are parameters to consider.
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SiliaBond® Amine
SiliaBond® Amine (Si-NH2) is an effective scavenger of acid chlorides, sulfonyl chlorides, isocyanates and other electrophiles. Si-NH2 has been shown to be effective metal scavenger and catalyst for Knoevenagel reactions. SiliaBond Amine is also used in chromatography as normal phase sorbent.
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SiliaBond® Amine nec
SiliaBond® Amine (Si-NH2) is an effective scavenger of acid chlorides, sulfonyl chlorides, isocyanates and other electrophiles. Si-NH2 has been shown to be effective metal scavenger and catalyst for Knoevenagel reactions. SiliaBond Amine is also used in chromatography as normal phase sorbent.
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SiliaMetS® Diamine
SiliaMetS® Diamine (Si-DIA) is a proven scavenger for metals and electrophiles. It scavenges acids, acid chlorides, anhydrides, aldehydes, isocyanates, and chloroformates as well as Pb, Ni, and Cd.
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SiliaMetS® Triamine
SiliaMetS® Triamine (SiliaMetS WAX-3, Si-TRI) is effective for scavenging metals such as Pb, Co, Ru and Pd. Our screening studies have shown it to be the preferred scavenger for Pb. It can also be used as a scavenger for acid chlorides, isocyanates and other electrophiles.
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SiliaMetS® Metal Scavenger Kit
Cysteine - DMT - Imidazole - Triamine - TAAcOH - TAAcONa - Thiol - Thiourea
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