2. Parameters Effect On Scavenging Efficiency

A metal scavenging study using SiliaBond^® Metal Scavengers products was conducted on various metal catalysts commonly used in organic synthesis. Various parameters were studied for their influence on the scavengers' robustness as well as to establish the best conditions to bring the level of metal down to an acceptable level for the pharmaceutical industry (i.e.: solvent, number of equivalents, temperature, reaction time, and nature of the catalyst).

Solvent effect on Scavenging Efficiency

SiliaBond Metal Scavengers can safely be used in any organic and aqueous solvents. However, the nature of the solvent does sometimes influence the scavenging efficiency.

Reaction Time and Number of Equivalents effect on Scavenging Efficiency

The fast scavenging kinetic of SiliaBond Metal Scavengers allows the reduction of the residual metal concentration to very low ppm in a few minutes. However, various parameters affect the kinetic. The influence of reaction time, temperature, and number of equivalents used are parameters to consider.

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SiliaMetS® Cysteine
SiliaMetS^® Cysteine (Si-Cys) is the silica bound equivalent of the amino acid Cysteine. By attaching the molecule to the backbone via the amino group, the thiol group remains free and accessible for higher metal scavenging efficiency. It is a versatile metal scavenger for a variety of metals including Pd, Sn, Ru, Pt, Cu, Rh, Cd and Sc under a wide range of conditions and the preferred metal scavenger for tin residues.
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SiliaMetS® TAAcONa
SiliaMetS^® TAAcONa or (or SiliaMetS Triaminetetraacetate, sodium salt) is a silica bound metal scavenger for Pd(II), Ni(II) and Cu. It is the supported version of EDTA in its sodium salt form. It is an effective scavenger for metals in higher oxidation state, 2+ or higher.
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