Metal Removal
Removing residual metals from post reactions can be a major issue. The toxic nature of transition -metals has led to the reduction of tolerated residual concentration in active pharmaceutical ingre-dients (APIs) to single digit ppm. However, many important key steps, such as coupling reactions (Suzuki, Heck, Stille, Sonogashira, etc), ring closing metathesis (RCM), and hydrogenation, still require the use of metal catalysts.
Purification of the API from remaining metal by traditional methods (chromatography, activated -carbon, distillation, recrystallisation, ultrafiltration, or reverse osmosis) often leads to problems such as high costs, time consuming, low efficiency, and API losses. SiliCycle has developed an efficient alternative: SiliaBond® Metal Scavengers.
These scavengers are made with SiliCycle's high purity silica gel: SiliaFlash®, which does not suffer from polymers' shortcomings, (i.e.: limited choice of solvents, excessive -swelling, extensive washings, poor selectivity, and static charge).
SiliaBond Metal Scavengers have significantly improved the way APIs can be synthesized. Any metal containing catalyst can be used, even downstream, as there are efficient scavengers available for -metals such as Pd, Pt, Sn, Ru, Rh, Ni, Cr, etc. Treatment with Metal Scavengers will selectively reduce the metal concentration without affecting the API.
APPLICATION NOTES
- Typical Experimental Conditions & Calculation
- Parameters Effect on Scavenging Efficiency
- SiliaBond Metal Scavengers Characteristics
- Scavenging Palladium Catalysts
- Scavenging Pd(dppf)Cl2 Catalysts
- Scavenging Rhodium Catalysts
- Scavenging Ruthenium Catalysts
- Scavenging a Nickel Catalyst
- Scavenging a Platinum Catalyst
- Scavenging a Tin Catalyst
- SiliaBond Metal Scavenger: Compatible with RCM Reaction
- SiliaBond (Bulk) & SiliaPrep (SPE) Scavenging Efficiency Comparison
- SiliaBond Metal Scavenger: Easily Scalable
- Metal Scavenging Using SiliaBond Thiol in Pictures
- Metal Scavenging Using SiliaPrep Thiol in Pictures
- Use of SiliaBond Cysteine
- Use of SiliaBond DMT
- Use of SiliaBond Imidazole
15 Item(s)
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SiliaMetS® Thiol
SiliaMetS® Thiol (Si-Thiol) is a robust metal scavenger for a variety of metals including Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag and Pb under a wide range of conditions. It has been used in pharmaceutical processes up to the pilot plant scale. It is our most versatile metal scavenger and is the preferred metal scavenger for Pd(II), Cu, Ag, and Hg.
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SiliaMetS® Cysteine
SiliaMetS® Cysteine (Si-Cys) is the silica bound equivalent of the amino acid Cysteine. By attaching the molecule to the backbone via the amino group, the thiol group remains free and accessible for higher metal scavenging efficiency. It is a versatile metal scavenger for a variety of metals including Pd, Sn, Ru, Pt, Cu, Rh, Cd and Sc under a wide range of conditions and the preferred metal scavenger for tin residues.
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SiliaMetS® Dimercaptotriazine (DMT)
SiliaMetS® DMT (Si-DMT) is the silica bound equivalent of 2,4,6-trimercaptotriazine (trithiocyanuric acid). It is a versatile metal scavenger for a variety of metals including Cd, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ru under a wide range of conditions and the preferred metal scavenger for ruthenium catalysts.
TMT has been reported to efficiently remove palladium and heavy metals by precipitation. Unfortunately, its solubility in organic solvents causes problem. SiliaMetS DMT solves this issue and almost all solvents can now be used.
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SiliaMetS® Imidazole
SiliaMetS® Imidazole (Si-IMI) is a versatile metal scavenger for a variety of metals including Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pd, and Rh under a wide range of conditions and the preferred metal scavenger for iron catalysts.
SiliaMetS Imidazole can also be used as an amine base in systems that are generally sensitive to basic conditions compared to other SiliaMetS supported bases.
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SiliaMetS® TAAcOH
SiliaMetS® TAAcOH (SiliaMetS Triaminetetraacetic Acid) is a silica bound metal scavenger for Pd(0), Ni(0) and Cu. It is the supported version of EDTA in its free form. It is an effective scavenger for metals in low or zero oxidation states, which includes many of the most synthetically useful catalysts such as tetrakis-(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0).
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SiliaMetS® TAAcONa
SiliaMetS® TAAcONa or (or SiliaMetS Triaminetetraacetate, sodium salt) is a silica bound metal scavenger for Pd(II), Ni(II) and Cu. It is the supported version of EDTA in its sodium salt form. It is an effective scavenger for metals in higher oxidation state, 2+ or higher.
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SiliaSep™ Flash Cartridges Thiol
SiliaSep flash thiol cartridges offer a superior alternative to the other cartridges available on the market.
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SiliaSep™ Flash Cartridges TAAcOH
SiliaSep flash TAAcOH cartridges offer a superior alternative to the other cartridges available on the market.
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SiliaSep™ Flash Cartridges TAAcONa
SiliaSep flash TAAcONa cartridges offer a superior alternative to the other cartridges available on the market.
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SiliaSep™ Flash Cartridges Dimercaptotriazine (DMT)
SiliaSep flash DMT cartridges offer a superior alternative to the other cartridges available on the market.
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SiliaSep™ Flash Cartridges Cysteine
SiliaSep flash cysteine cartridges offer a superior alternative to the other cartridges available on the market .
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SiliaSep™ Flash Cartridges - Open Top (OT) Thiol
SiliaSep™ OT flash cartridges are compatible with FlashMaster instrument.
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SiliaPrep™ SPE Cartridges Thiol
SiliaPrep Metal Scavengers will lower the residual metal concentration of various metal complexes to single digit ppm.
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SiliaPrep™ SPE Cartridges TAAcONa
SiliaPrep Metal Scavengers will lower the residual metal concentration of variois metal complexes to single digit ppm.
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SiliaPrep™ SPE Cartridges Dimercaptotriazine (DMT)
SiliaPrep Metal Scavengers will lower the residual metal concentration of various metal complexes to single digit ppm.
15 Item(s)
List Grid
- Metal to Remove
- Family / Formats
- Phases
- Pore Size
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- 60 Å (15)
- Endcapping
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- Endcapped (13)
- Non-endcapped (2)
- Cartridges Volume
- Bed Weight
- Particle Size
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