General Synthesis Applications
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SiliaMetS® Thiol
SiliaMetS® Thiol (Si-Thiol) is a robust metal scavenger for a variety of metals including Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag and Pb under a wide range of conditions. It has been used in pharmaceutical processes up to the pilot plant scale. It is our most versatile metal scavenger and is the preferred metal scavenger for Pd(II), Cu, Ag, and Hg.
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SiliaMetS® TAAcOH
SiliaMetS® TAAcOH (SiliaMetS Triaminetetraacetic Acid) is a silica bound metal scavenger for Pd(0), Ni(0) and Cu. It is the supported version of EDTA in its free form. It is an effective scavenger for metals in low or zero oxidation states, which includes many of the most synthetically useful catalysts such as tetrakis-(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0).
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SiliaMetS® TAAcONa
SiliaMetS® TAAcONa or (or SiliaMetS Triaminetetraacetate, sodium salt) is a silica bound metal scavenger for Pd(II), Ni(II) and Cu. It is the supported version of EDTA in its sodium salt form. It is an effective scavenger for metals in higher oxidation state, 2+ or higher.
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SiliaMetS® Thiourea
SiliaMetS® Thiourea (Si-THU) is a versatile metal scavenger for all forms of palladium and is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. It works particularly well in organic solvents. It can also be used to scavenge Ag, Pt, Ru, Rh and Hg. Once complexed with a transition metal, it has been reported as being an effective catalyst.
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SiliaMetS® Dimercaptotriazine (DMT)
SiliaMetS® DMT (Si-DMT) is the silica bound equivalent of 2,4,6-trimercaptotriazine (trithiocyanuric acid). It is a versatile metal scavenger for a variety of metals including Cd, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ru under a wide range of conditions and the preferred metal scavenger for ruthenium catalysts.
TMT has been reported to efficiently remove palladium and heavy metals by precipitation. Unfortunately, its solubility in organic solvents causes problem. SiliaMetS DMT solves this issue and almost all solvents can now be used.
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SiliaMetS® Imidazole
SiliaMetS® Imidazole (Si-IMI) is a versatile metal scavenger for a variety of metals including Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pd, and Rh under a wide range of conditions and the preferred metal scavenger for iron catalysts.
SiliaMetS Imidazole can also be used as an amine base in systems that are generally sensitive to basic conditions compared to other SiliaMetS supported bases.
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SiliaMetS® Cysteine
SiliaMetS® Cysteine (Si-Cys) is the silica bound equivalent of the amino acid Cysteine. By attaching the molecule to the backbone via the amino group, the thiol group remains free and accessible for higher metal scavenging efficiency. It is a versatile metal scavenger for a variety of metals including Pd, Sn, Ru, Pt, Cu, Rh, Cd and Sc under a wide range of conditions and the preferred metal scavenger for tin residues.
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SiliaBond® Potassium Permanganate nec
Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidant that will oxidize methyl groups and alcohols to carboxylic acids. SiliaBond® Potassium Permanganate (Si-KMnO4) increases recoveries, facilitates work-up, and expands the scope of the chemistry because it can be used in all organic solvents eliminating solubility issues. With SiliaBond Potassium Permanganate, the manganese salt by-products stays adsorbed onto the silica.
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SiliaBond® Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) nec
Chromatography with silver nitrate is a well known and established methodology for the separation of non polar compounds with similar polarities. Generally, with a mixture of unsaturated compounds such as alkenes, lipids, steroids, terpenes, etc, standard separation procedures lack in efficiency. However, by using SiliaBond® Silver Nitrate for your column chromatography along with SiliaPlate™ Ag for your TLC, you will have the necessary tools to circumvent the problem.
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SiliaBond® Pyridinium Chlorochromate nec (PCC)
SiliaBond® Pyridinium Chlorochromate (Si-PCC) is used for the general oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds, selective oxidation of allylic and benzylic alcohols, organometallic oxidation, oxidative transpositions, oxidative cleavages, allylic and benzylic oxidation and oxidative cyclizations.
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SiliaBond® Pyridinium Dichromate nec (PDC)
SiliaBond® Pyridinium Dichromate (Si-PDC) may be used as an alternative to Si-PCC in nucleoside and carbohydrate oxidation, particularly for fragile molecules. SiliaBond PDC can also be used in conjunction with tertbutylhydroperoxide for a variety of oxidative transformations.
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SiliaBond® Diphenylphosphine
SiliaBond® Diphenylphosphine (Si-DPP) can be used as linker for catalyst immobilization such as tetrakis-(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) for Suzuki coupling.
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SiliaBond® Pyridine
SiliaBond Pyridine (Si-PYR) can be used as a tertiary amine for acid removal. It can also anchor Cu2+ ions and then be used as a catalyst for hydroquinone oxidation.
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SiliaBond® Tosyl Chloride
SiliaBond® Tosyl Chloride (Si-TsCl) readily reacts with nucleophiles such as amines and alcohols. Reaction with alcohols yields the bound tosylate, which can then be used to synthesize amines and oxazolines.
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SiliaBond® Dimethylamine
SiliaBond® Dimethylamine is a silica bound tertiary amine base that can be used in most applications requiring a tertiary amine, particularly as a HCl sponge. Silica bound ammonium salt by-products are easily separated by filtration. This dimethylamine immobilized on silica gel can be used as a base catalyst in Michael or Knoevenagel reactions.
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SiliaBond® Isocyanate
SiliaBond® Isocyanate (Si-ISO) is a versatile scavenger for nucleophiles. It readily scavenges amines, thiols, thiolates, alkoxides, and acidic phenols. Loading is determined by the removal of benzylamine in hexane at room temperature.
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SiliaBond® Propylsulfonic Acid (SCX-2)
Supported sulfonic acids such as SiliaBond® Propylsulfonic Acid (SiliaBond SCX-2) are in a class of strong acids widely used in different fields of synthetic organic chemistry. Their applications are well known and are used in a large number of settings going from drug discovery laboratories up to manufacturing processes. Among these applications, we denote their uses as acid catalysts, stationary phases for ion chromatography and basic impurity scavengers. Meanwhile, the most common use is probably as a strong cation exchanger (SCX) for the amine “Catch and Release” purification technique in SPE cartridges.
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SiliaBond® Propylsulfonic Acid nec (SCX-2)
Supported sulfonic acids such as SiliaBond® Propylsulfonic Acid (SiliaBond SCX-2) are in a class of strong acids widely used in different fields of synthetic organic chemistry. Their applications are well known and are used in a large number of settings going from drug discovery laboratories up to manufacturing processes. Among these applications, we denote their uses as acid catalysts, stationary phases for ion chromatography and basic impurity scavengers. Meanwhile, the most common use is probably as a strong cation exchanger (SCX) for the amine “Catch and Release” purification technique in SPE cartridges.
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SiliaBond® Amine nec
SiliaBond® Amine (Si-NH2) is an effective scavenger of acid chlorides, sulfonyl chlorides, isocyanates and other electrophiles. Si-NH2 has been shown to be effective metal scavenger and catalyst for Knoevenagel reactions. SiliaBond Amine is also used in chromatography as normal phase sorbent.
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SiliaBond® Dichlorotriazine (DCT)
Amide bond formation is certainly among the most common chemical transformation in organic synthesis. This explains the diversity of possible reaction pathways and reagents available on the market. SiliCycle is part of this trend and this is why we have developed the bound equivalent of 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine(cyanuric chloride), SiliaBond® Dichlorotriazine (Si-DCT).
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SiliaBond® Piperazine
SiliaBond® Piperazine (Si-PPZ) is a useful deprotecting and scavenging agent for Fmoc1 and Bsmoc2 amino protecting groups and as a solid-phase Knoevenagel catalyst. According to the results of a study1, Si-PPZ is superior to its polystyrene-based equivalent. SiliaBond Piperazine may also be used to scavenge electrophiles.
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SiliaBond® Tosic Acid nec (SCX)
SiliaBond® Tosic Acid (SiliaBond SCX, Si-TsOH) is a versatile bound strong acid with a pka <<1. It is widely used for the scavenging of amines and other basic functionalities, including weakly basic anilines, borohydrides, and metals such as Ni and Ag. It can also be used as an acid catalyst for organic reactions.6 Si-TsOH can serve as an alternative method to quench reactions instead of aqueous or organic soluble acids.
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SiliaBond® Tosic Acid (SCX)
SiliaBond® Tosic Acid (SiliaBond SCX, Si-TsOH) is a versatile bound strong acid with a pka <<1. It is widely used for the scavenging of amines and other basic functionalities, including weakly basic anilines, borohydrides, and metals such as Ni and Ag. It can also be used as an acid catalyst for organic reactions.6 Si-TsOH can serve as an alternative method to quench reactions instead of aqueous or organic soluble acids.
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SiliaBond® Tosyl Hydrazine
SiliaBond® Tosyl Hydrazine (Si-TsNHNH2) is an effective scavenger of carbonyl compounds. It has been used to selectively remove aldehydes in the presence of ketones since the scavenging of ketones requires an acid catalyst. Once bound, sulfonyl hydrazones can be utilized in other synthetic transformations.
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SiliaBond® BTMA Chloride
SiliaBond® BTMA Chloride is mainly used as strong anion exchanger (SAX) in ion chromatography and ion exchange SPE. The function bears a positive charge across the whole pH range as well as in organic solvents. It is especially used for the “Catch and Release” purification of weak acids.
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SiliaBond® TBA Chloride
SiliaBond® TBA Chloride (Si-TBACl) may be used in the same way as SiliaBond TMA Chloride. Si-TBACl is more sterically indered, which offers a different selectivity than other anion exchangers.
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SiliaBond® Carbonate
SiliaBond® Carbonate (Si-CO3) is the silica bound equivalent of tetramethyl ammonium carbonate. It can be used as a general base to quench a reaction, to free base amines in their ammonium salt form and to scavenge acids and acidic phenols, including HOBt, which is widely used in amide coupling reactions.
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SiliaBond® TMA Chloride nec (SAX)
SiliaBond® TMA Chloride (SiliaBond SAX, Si-TMACl) is mainly used as strong anion exchanger (SAX) in ion chromatography and ion exchange SPE. The function bears a positive charge across the whole pH range as well as in organic solvents.
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SiliaBond® TMA Acetate nec
Strong anion exchangers (SAX) have been widely used in both chromatography and ion exchange SPE to selectively bind acidic drugs and/or analytes. In particular, weakly acidic compounds can be effectively extracted as those types of sorbents retain a permanent positive charge across the pH range. Most commercially available silica-based SAX sorbents are produced with a high selectivity chloride counter ion which reduced retention of acidic drugs when compared with lower selectivity counter ions such as acetate.
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SiliaBond® TMA Chloride (SAX)
SiliaBond® TMA Chloride (SiliaBond SAX, Si-TMACl) is mainly used as strong anion exchanger (SAX) in ion chromatography and ion exchange SPE. The function bears a positive charge across the whole pH range as well as in organic solvents.
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SiliaBond® Cyanoborohydride
SiliaBond® Cyanoborohydride (Si-CBH) is the silica bound equivalent of sodium cyanoborohydride. Bound cyanoborohydride is very useful in reductive amination and in the reduction of imines and aldehydes. This problem is minimized with the use of silica bound materials since the toxic cyanide residue remains on the silica.
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SiliaBond® Morpholine
SiliaBond® Morpholine (Si-MOR) is commonly used as an acid sponge. It is used in the same manner as morpholine functionalized polymers.
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SiliaBond® Carboxylic Acid (WCX)
SiliaBond® Carboxylic Acid (Si-CAA) can be used as a scavenger for amines or carbonates, and for the quench of alkoxides and organometallic reagents. SiliaBond Carboxylic Acid is primarily used as a weak cation exchanger (WCX) in solid phase extraction (SPE) and in HPLC.
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SiliaBond® Carbodiimide (DCC)
SiliaBond® Carbodiimide (Si-DCC) is a bound neutral carbodiimide that may be used for the synthesis of amides, esters, and activated esters.
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SiliaBond® Ethyl Carbodiimide (EDC)
SiliaBond® Ethyl-Dimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide (Si-EDC) reacts in a similar fashion to SiliaBond Carbodiimide (Si-DCC). The advantage of Si-EDC is this new reagent greatly simplifies the work up procedure of the reactions since a simple filtration is all that takes to remove the unwanted side product of the amides formation (urea).
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SiliaBond® Maleimide
SiliaBond® Maleimide (Si-MAL) has been designed to scavenge thiols. 90% of mercaptoethanol was removed with 4 eq. after 15 minutes in an aqueous environment. Complete scavenging was observed after 3 hours. SiliaBond Maleimide can also be used to immobilize peptides and proteins through the cysteine residues. 95% of L-cysteine was immobilized after only 15 minutes in a pH 4.5 buffered solution using 4 eq. of SiliaBond Maleimide.
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SiliaBond® Piperidine
SiliaBond® Piperidine (Si-PIP) is a general purpose tertiary amine base to scavenge acids, thereby avoiding salt elimination problems. Also used as a base catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation.
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SiliaBond® Aluminum Chloride
SiliaBond® Aluminium Chloride (Si-AlClx) is the silica supported version of the most widely used Lewis acid, aluminium chloride. It is an effective catalyst for Friedel-Crafts alkylations and acylations. It also catalyzes the formation of ethers.
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SiliaBond® DMAP
SiliaBond® DMAP (Si-DMAP) is the supported equivalent of 4-dimethylaminopyridine commonly used as a nucleophilic catalyst in a wide variety of reactions such as acylation, amidation or acetylation.
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SiliaBond® Diethylamine
SiliaBond® Diethylamine (SiliaBond WAX-2) is a silica bound tertiary amine base and can be used in most applications requiring a tertiary amine, particularly as a HCl sponge. Silica bound ammonium salt by-products are easily separated by filtration. This diethylamine immobilized on silica gel can be used for the same applications as SiliaBond Dimethylamine. It is a very common supported tertiary amine.
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SiliaMetS® Metal Scavenger Kit
Cysteine - DMT - Imidazole - Triamine - TAAcOH - TAAcONa - Thiol - Thiourea -
SiliaBond® Nucleophile Scavenger Kit
Isocyanate - Tosic Acid - Tosyl Chloride -
SiliaBond® Base Kit
Amine - Carbonate - Dimethylamine - Diethylamine - Morpholine - Pyridine - TBD -
SiliaBond® Oxidant Kit
Potassium Permanganate - TEMPO - Pyridinium Chlrorochromate - Pyridinium dichromate -
SiliaBond® Reagent Kit
Carbodiimide - Cyanoborohydride - Dichlorotriazine - DMAP - EDC - HOBt -
SiliaBond® Acid Kit
Carboxylic Acid - Propylsulfonic Acid - TAAcOH - Tosic Acid -
SiliaBond® Ion Exchanger Kit
WAX - WCX -SCX-2 -SCX -SAX - TMA Acetate -
SiliaBond® Electrophile Scavenger Kit
Amine - Diamine - Triamine - DMAP - Piperazine - Tosyl Hydrazine -
SiliaMetS® Triamine
SiliaMetS® Triamine (SiliaMetS WAX-3, Si-TRI) is effective for scavenging metals such as Pb, Co, Ru and Pd. Our screening studies have shown it to be the preferred scavenger for Pb. It can also be used as a scavenger for acid chlorides, isocyanates and other electrophiles.
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SiliaMetS® Diamine
SiliaMetS® Diamine (Si-DIA) is a proven scavenger for metals and electrophiles. It scavenges acids, acid chlorides, anhydrides, aldehydes, isocyanates, and chloroformates as well as Pb, Ni, and Cd.





