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SiliaBond Chromatographic Phases

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Reversed-phases Normal Phases Ion Exchange Phases Fluorinated Phases

For all our listed SiliaBond sorbents, particle size is 40 - 63 μm and pore diameter is 60 Å. But we can graft any irregular SiliaFlash or spherical SiliaSphere PC silica gel, with the function of your choice. Contact us for more information.

All functionalized SiliaBond sorbents are available in bulk but also pre-packed in SiliaPrep SPE cartridges and SiliaSep flash cartridges.

 

Reversed-Phases

In reversed-phase chromatography, the packing material is always hydrophobic (non polar) while the mobile phase is polar. The more hydrophobic the packing material, the more retention of non polar analytes.

Usual reversed-phases are standard alkyl chains grafted on silica (C18, C8, C4, C1) and cyclic or aromatic functions (Phenyl, Pentafluorophenyl, Cyclohexyl).

Important parameters to keep in mind in reversed-phase chromatography:

  • Carbon load (% C) will give the relative hydrophobicity of the packing media. Most of the time, it varies between 4 % and 19 %.
  • Endcapping: it is impossible to react with all available silanol groups (free -OH groups on the silica surface) when functionalizing silica. But these free silanols are acidic and will react with basic compounds, so we endcap them with a capping agent to avoid non-specific bindings.

> Reversed-phase SiliaBond Sorbents

 

Normal Phases

In normal phase chromatography, the packing material is always polar while the mobile phase is non polar. The interactions between analytes and sorbent mainly take place on the highly polar silanols of the silica gel surface. Some hydrogen bonds can also happen on polar functionalized groups.

Usual normal phases are ungrafted silica, polar functions (amino, cyano and diol) or alternative adsorbents (Alumina and Florisil for example).

> Normal phase SiliaBond Sorbents

 

Ion Exchange Phases

In ion exchange chromatography, both silica support and analytes must be ionized. If the stationary phase (packing material) is positively charged, anionic analytes only will retain (these phases are called WAX & SAX). And in the contrary if the stationary phase is negatively charged, cationic analytes only will retain (these phases are called WCX & SCX). Hence, pH of the mobile phase is of crucial importance and needs to be chosen carefully, so that both functions are charged:

SiliaBond Ion Exchange Chromatographic Phases and pH

> Ion Exchange SiliaBond Sorbents

 

Fluorinated Phases

Fluorinated phases can be used for different purposes, wether it is for the purification of natural products, fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE), or other fluorous-tagged chemistry; three fluorinated phases of variable polarity are available.

> Fluorinated SiliaBond Sorbents

 

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  1. SiliaBond C18 (17%C) Monomeric, 40 - 63 µm, 60 Å (R33230B)

    SiliaBond C18 (17%C) Monomeric, 40 - 63 µm, 60 Å (R33230B)

    The SiliaBond® C18 16% BDS is the most efficient deactivated C18 reversed-phase. This versatile support is the best choice for your applications in reversed-phase chromatography. This chromatographic phase has been compared with different competitors and presents a better separation for basic compounds.
  2. SiliaBond Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) 10%C, 60 - 200 µm, 60 Å (R23540B)
  3. SiliaBond C18 (13%C) WPD, 37 - 55 µm, 125 Å (R33229G)
  4. SiliaBond C8 (11%C) Monomeric (R30830B) 2
  5. SiliaBond C4 (8%C) Polymeric (R32030B)

    SiliaBond C4 (8%C) Polymeric (R32030B)

    SiliaBond C4 (or C4) provides less retention towards non-polar compounds than C18 and C8, and is useful in ion-pairing chromatography or to separate large biomolecules.  It works best for molecules with a large hydrophilic region or in case where the hydrophobic region is buried within the structure.
  6. SiliaBond C1 (5%C) Polymeric, 40 - 63 µm, 60 Å (R33030B)

    SiliaBond C1 (5%C), 40 - 63 µm, 60 Å (R33030B)

    SiliaBond® C1 (or C1) has the lowest degree of hydrophobicity of all reversed stationary phases, useful in the separation of large biomolecules that have extensive hydrophobic regions.
  7. SiliaBond Phenyl (PHE) (R34030B)

    SiliaBond Phenyl (PHE) (R34030B)

    SiliaBond Phenyl (Si-PHE) is a sorbent of medium polarity used in reversed-phase chromatography. It has similar retention than C8 but with different selectivity especially for molecules containing aromatics and fatty acids.

  8. SiliaBond Pentafluorophenyl (PFP) (R67530B)

    SiliaBond Pentafluorophenyl (PFP) (R67530B)

    SiliaBond® Pentafluorophenyl (Si-PFP) is a sorbent primarily used in the separation of molecules bearing fluorine atoms but may also be used in the separation of non-fluorous compounds such as Taxol and its derivatives. Because of its phenyl ring, Si-PFP has a higher selectivity for aromatics containing molecules compared to the other fluorinated sorbents.
  9. SiliaBond Cyano (CN, 7%C) (R38030B)

    SiliaBond Cyano (CN, 7%C) (R38030B)

    SiliaBond Cyano (Si-CN) can be used both in normal and reversed-phase chromatography as its polarity marks the separation between the polar and non-polar phases. SiliaBond Cyano is the least retentive polar sorbent in normal phase chromatography and the least retentive of the non-polar sorbents in reversed-phase chromatography.
  10. SiliaFlash Irregular Silica Gels F60, 40 - 63 µm, 60 Å (R10030B)

    SiliaFlash Irregular Silica Gels F60, 40 - 63 µm, 60 Å (R10030B)

    Particles for Flash Chromatography: silica for flash & low to medium-pressure preparative chromatography. Narrow particle size distribution, Easier to pack and more uniform packing, Superior resolution, Suitable for use with complex matrices
  11. SiliaBond Diol nec (R35030B)

    SiliaBond Diol nec (R35030B)

    SiliaBond Diol may also be used as polar sorbent in normal phase and aqueous size exclustion chromatography. Like bare silica, SiliaBond Diol has the ability to form hydrogen bonds and the capacity to separate structural isomers. Since most of its surface is covered with organic functions, the SiliaBond Diol absorbs less water, which leads to a more reproducible activity. It is also the sorbent of choice when working in normal phase in the presence of water.
  12. SiliaBond Silver Nitrate (AgNO3, 10%C) (R23530B)

    SiliaBond Silver Nitrate (AgNO3), 40 - 63 µm, 60 Å (R23530B)

    Chromatography with silver nitrate is a well known and established methodology for the separation of non polar compounds with similar polarities.
  13. SiliaBond Amine (WAX) nec (R52130B)

    SiliaBond Amine (WAX) nec (R52130B)

    SiliaBond Amine (Si-NH2) is an effective scavenger of acid chlorides, sulfonyl chlorides, isocyanates and other electrophiles. Si-NH2 has been shown to be effective metal scavenger and catalyst for Knoevenagel reactions. SiliaBond Amine is also used in chromatography as normal phase sorbent.
  14. SiliaBond Amine (WAX) (R52030B)

    SiliaBond Amine (WAX) (R52030B)

    SiliaBond Amine (Si-NH2) is an effective scavenger of acid chlorides, sulfonyl chlorides, isocyanates and other electrophiles. Si-NH2 has been shown to be effective metal scavenger and catalyst for Knoevenagel reactions. SiliaBond Amine is also used in chromatography as normal phase sorbent.
  15. SiliaBond Triethylamine (WAX-2) (R76530B)

    SiliaBond Triethylamine (WAX-2) (R76530B)

    SiliaBond Triethylamine (SiliaBond WAX-2) is a silica bound tertiary amine base and can be used in most applications requiring a tertiary amine, particularly as a HCl sponge. SiliaBond Triethylamine is also used as weak anion exchanger (WAX) in SPE.
  16. SiliaBond TMA Acetate (SAX-2) nec (R66430B)

    SiliaBond TMA Acetate (SAX-2) nec (R66430B)

    Strong anion exchangers (SAX) have been widely used in both chromatography and ion exchange SPE to selectively bind acidic drugs and/or analytes. In particular, weakly acidic compounds can be effectively extracted as those types of sorbents retain a permanent positive charge across the pH range. Most commercially available silica-based SAX sorbents are produced with a high selectivity chloride counter ion which reduced retention of acidic drugs when compared with lower selectivity counter ions such as acetate.
  17. SiliaBond Tosic Acid (SCX) scavenger (R60530B)

    SiliaBond Tosic Acid (SCX) (R60530B)

    SiliaBond Tosic Acid (SiliaBond SCX, Si-TsOH) is a versatile bound strong acid with a pka <<1. It is widely used for the scavenging of amines and other basic functionalities, including weakly basic anilines, borohydrides, and metals such as Ni and Ag. It can also be used as an acid catalyst for organic reactions. Si-TsOH can serve as an alternative method to quench reactions instead of aqueous or organic soluble acids.
  18. SiliaBond Propylsulfonic Acid (SCX-2) (R51230B)

    SiliaBond Propylsulfonic Acid (SCX-2) (R51230B)

    Strong acid widely used in different fields of synthetic organic chemistry. Among these applications, we denote their uses as acid catalysts, stationary phases for ion chromatography and basic impurity scavengers. The most common use is probably as a strong cation exchanger (SCX) for the amine "Catch and Release" purification technique in SPE cartridges.
  19. SiliaBond Carboxylic Acid (WCX) (R70030B)

    SiliaBond Carboxylic Acid (WCX) (R70030B)

    SiliaBond Carboxylic Acid (Si-CAA) can be used as a scavenger for amines or carbonates, and for the quench of alkoxides and organometallic reagents. SiliaBond Carboxylic Acid is primarily used as a weak cation exchanger (WCX) in solid phase extraction (SPE) and in HPLC.
  20. SiliaBond Propylsulfonic Acid nec (SCX-2) (R51430B)

    SiliaBond Propylsulfonic Acid nec (SCX-2) (R51430B)

    Strong acid widely used in different fields of synthetic organic chemistry. Among these applications, we denote their uses as acid catalysts, stationary phases for ion chromatography and basic impurity scavengers. The most common use is probably as a strong cation exchanger (SCX) for the amine "Catch and Release" purification technique in SPE cartridges.
  21. SiliaBond Tosic Acid nec (SCX) scavenger (R60430B)

    SiliaBond Tosic Acid nec (SCX) (R60430B)

    SiliaBond Tosic Acid (SiliaBond SCX, Si-TsOH) is a versatile bound strong acid with a pka <<1, widely used for the scavenging of amines and other basic functionalities, including weakly basic anilines, borohydrides, and metals such as Ni and Ag. It can also be used as an acid catalyst for organic reactions. Si-TsOH can serve as an alternative method to quench reactions instead of aqueous or organic soluble acids.
  22. SiliaBond Tridecafluoro (TDF) (R63530B)

    SiliaBond Tridecafluoro (TDF) (R63530B)

    SiliaBond Tridecafluoro (Si-TDF) is a sorbent primarily used to separate fluorinated molecules. It can also be used in fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE) of fluorous-tag compounds as reported for the synthesis of oligosaccharide.
  23. SiliaBond Fluorochrom (FCM) nec (R63730B)

    SiliaBond Fluorochrom (FCM) nec (R63730B)

    SiliaBond Fluorochrom (Si-FCM) is a fluorinated sorbent particularly useful for the separation of fluorine containing molecules from non-fluorous ones. The applications of these types of sorbent are not limited to fluorous compounds but may also be used in chromatographic separation of non-fluorinated molecules, just like a regular reversed-phase would do, but with different selectivity.

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