- About SiliCycle
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Products
- Complete Range of Functionalized Silicas
- SiliCycle Scavenging Solutions
- E-PAK Purification Cartridges
- SiliaMetS - Metal Scavengers
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SiliaBond - Functionalized Silica Gels
- General Portfolio
- SiliaBond Acids, Bases & Others
- SiliaBond Chromatographic Phases
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SiliaBond for Organic Synthesis
- Selection Guide
- Acylation & Esterification Reactions
- Alkylation & Etherification Reactions
- Amide Coupling
- Deprotection of Aromatic Ethers
- Ether Formation
- Fmoc, Bsmoc Deprotection of Amino Acids
- Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
- Knoevenagel Condensation
- Michael Addition
- Nitro-Aldol (or Henry) Reactions
- Oxydations
- Reductive Aminations
- Urea Synthesis
- Other Reagents
- SiliaMetS Metal Scavengers
- SiliaBond Organic Scavengers
- SiliaCat - Heterogeneous Catalysts
- SiliaChrom Plus - HPLC
- SiliaFlash - Irregular Silica Gels
- SiliaSphere - Spherical Silica Gels
- SiliaPlate - TLC Plates
- SiliaSep - Flash Cartridges
- Sample Preparation Products
- Scientific Publications
- Services
- Industries
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Resource Center
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Metal and Organic Scavenging
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Application Notes
- SM001 - Experimental Procedure Optimization for SiliaMetS Metal Scavengers
- SM002 - Comparing Silica and Polymer Supported Products
- SM004 - SiliaMetS VS E-PAK
- SM005 - SiliaMetS Thiol and DMT Stability in Aqueous Media
- SM006 - Rhodium Removal after a Cycloisomerisation Reaction Using Scavenger Synergy
- SM007 - Comparison Between SiliaMetS Metal Scavengers and Other Sorbents
- SM008 - Scavenging Potentially Genotoxic Impurities, Benzyl Bromide and Aniline, using SiliaMetS and SiliaBond
- SM009 - Different Ways of Removing Rhodium
- SM010 - Scavenging of Copper from a Sandmeyer Transformation
- SM011 - Working With Scavengers
- SBS001 - Scavenging TPP and TPPO using SiliaBond Scavengers
- SB0012 - Scavenging Using SiliaBond Carbonate
- EP001 - Efficient Use of E-PAK Technology for the Removal of a Widely Used Suzuki Catalyst
- EP002 - Suzuki Catalysts Scavenging Study with Activated Carbon and SiliaMetS
- EP003 - Rhodium Scavenging Study with Activated Carbon and SiliaMetS
- EP004 - Efficient Use of the E-PAK Technology for Removing Iridium
- EP005 - Efficient method for the removal of nickel with E-PAK
- EP006 - Using E-PAK Technology to Remove Chlorophyll in a Biomass Sample
- EP007 - Scaling up a Sonogashira Reaction with E-PAK
- EP008 - Screening and Efficient Removal of Ruthenium 3rd Generation Grubbs Catalyst
- Brochures
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Case Studies
- CS-SM001 - A Practical Cleavage of Acetals Using SiliaMetS Thiol
- CS-SM002 - Screening of Various Metal Scavengers for Copper Removal in the Synthesis of a Bicyclo Derivative
- CS-SM003 - Scavenging of the Residual Buchwald-Hartwig Catalyst with SiliaMetS Thiol
- CS-SM004 - Efficiency of SiliaMetS Triamine for Copper Removal in the Preparation of Functionalized Phosphines by CuAA
- CS-SM005 - Enantiomer N-1 Substituted Tetrazole Prodrug Synthesis
- CS-SM006 - Efficient Use of the SiliaMetS Thiourea for Deprotection of BCN-metal Salts
- CS-SM007 - Improved Synthetic Route and Scale-Up of GSK973 using SiliaMetS Thiol for Pd Scavenging
- CS-SM008 - Separation of Palladium and Silver from E-Waste Leachate Using SiliaMetS Thiol
- CS-SM010 - Potential Antimalarial Drug Synthesis by Suzuki Coupling and Residual Palladium Clean-up with SiliaMetS Thiol
- CS-SM011 - Synthesis of a Library of Linear Bottlebrush Diblock Copolymers by Ruthenium Catalyzed ROMP
- CS-SM012 - Scale-Up of a Polonovski Reaction – Impact of Residual Palladium in Starting Material
- CS-SM013 - Solid Phase Extraction Materials for Removal of Silver Nanoparticles in Environmental Waters
- CS-SM014 - Scavenging of Copper from Amphiphilic Glycopeptides for the Creation of Supramolecular Hydrogels
- CS-SM015 - Separation of Various Metal Ions from High-Level Liquid Waste
- CS-EP001 - Two-Step Purification with E-PAK Cartridges Following a Direct Pd-Catalyzed Borylation
- E-Books
- Flyers
- Posters
- White Papers
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Application Notes
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Chromatography and Purification
- Application Notes
- Brochures
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Case Studies
- CS-SB001 - Isolation of Monoterpene-Conjugated Phenolic Constituents From Nutmeg Using SiliaBond C18
- CS-SS001 - Purification of New Osmium Complexes Using SiliaSep PREMIUM
- CS-SS002 - Synthesis of Cycle-Tail Peptides in the Pseudacyclins A-E Family
- CS-SS003 - Isolation of New Microginins Using SiliaSep C18 Reversed-Phase Cartridges
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Sample Preparation
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Application Notes
- [SP002-0] SiliaPrep SAX-2 nec (TMA Acetate) SPE Cartridges
- [SP004-0] SPE Extraction Using SiliaPrep SCX & SCX-2
- [SP005-0] Ractopamine And Clenbuterol in Beef Cattle
- [SP006-0] Ropinirole, Amitriptyline, And Sibutramine In Plasma
- [SP007-0] Extraction of Marbofloxacin and Sarafloxacin from Salmon
- [SP008-0] Amphetamines Quantification In Urine
- [SP010-0] Determination Of Acrylamide In Fried Potato Chips
- [SP011-0] Caffeine, Nicotine, And Cotinine In Human Urine
- [SP012-0] Determination of Carbendazim in Orange Juice
- [SP013-0] Determination of Patulin in Apple Juice
- [SP014-0] Determination of Sulfonamides, Tetracyclines, and Pyrimethamines In Milk
- [SP015-0] Detection of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol In Human Plasma
- Brochures
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Case Studies
- [CS_SP001] Organic Acids Quantification in Cranberry Juice
- [CS_SP002] Worms for a Less Stressful Lifestyle
- [CS_SP003] Urine Sample Preparation for Analysis of Terbutaline Enantiomers
- [CS_SP005] Small organic molecules as antiviral treatment against orthopoxviruses
- [CS_SP007] Analysis of Vitamine K1 in Serum
- [CS_SP008] Extraction Of Fentanyl And Norfentanyl In Urine
- [CS_SP009] Extraction Of Phencyclidine In Urine
- [CS_SP010] Extraction of Drugs of Abuse in Urine
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Application Notes
- Analytical and Preparative Chromatography
- Organic Synthesis
- R&D Services
- Peptide Synthesis
- Brochures
- Posters
- Web Tools
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Metal and Organic Scavenging
- Customer Service
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FAQ
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General Topics
- Are you a distributor or a manufacturer, and how long have you been in business?
- Does SiliCycle follow GMP?
- Are your products food grade?
- What type of plastic is used for the containers in which you ship your products?
- Can you reserve batches / lots of material for me?
- Are custom formats available?
- Do you have an ICP and a LC/MS in house?
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Metal & Organic Scavengers
- What are metal scavengers?
- What is a supported scavenger?
- What are the advantages of choosing a silica-based product over a polymer-based one?
- What is the shelf life of SiliaMetS and can it be used once the shelf life expired?
- Can I use your scavengers in flow type applications?
- Can Potentially Genotoxic Impurities (PGI) be removed by SiliaMetS metal scavengers and/or SiliaBond organic scavengers?
- Do SiliaMetS scavengers leach?
- Does SiliCycle have a solution to freebase amines from their TFA salt form?
- Do you have customers in the pharma industry who have already used SiliaMetS?
- Are the scavengers available at metric ton quantities?
- What other formats are your scavengers available in?
- Are you a distributor or a manufacturer of scavengers?
- How do you maintain batch-to-batch product quality?
- How to choose a scavenger?
- Why are screening tests important regarding the selection of a metal scavenger?
- How much and how long is the screening service?
- What is molecular loading and how do you determine the molecular loading of a SiliaMetS metal scavenger?
- How do you calculate how much scavenger to use?
- I have a significant quantity of metal to be removed from my mixture, will the 4-8 equivalents of SiliaMetS recommended for a typical initial screening suffice?
- What are the densities of the SiliaBond organic scavengers & SiliaMetS metal scavengers?
- Do SiliaMetS require an activation step prior to their use?
- Can I just dump your scavenger into a reactor?
- What kind of solvent would be preferred with SiliaMetS and SiliaBond scavengers?
- What is the scavenging reaction time?
- At what temperature should scavengers be used?
- What is the thermal stability of SiliaMetS Thiol?
- What is the mechanical stability of SiliaMetS metal scavengers?
- At what pH should the scavenging in aqueous solution be performed?
- What will happen to my scavenger if I do not work in the recommended pH scale (between 2 and 10)?
- Can the metal scavenged be recovered?
- How do you clean the reactors after using scavengers?
- How should I test my reactor to determine if I removed all of your scavenger?
- What documents are routinely provided to customers?
- Do you provide an SOP for used scavengers?
- Can SiliCycle help with regulatory support?
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E-PAK Cartridges
- What are the different E-PAK cartridge sizes available and what are the typical pressure and flow rate for each one?
- Can we recirculate a solution several times in an E-PAK cartridge or is it single pass only?
- What are the maximum pressure and temperature at which the E-PAK can operate?
- What is the recommended pH range when using the E-PAK cartridges?
- What is the chemical compatibility of the E-PAK cartridges?
- Do you provide a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) for the E-PAK cartridges?
- How to select the appropriate E-PAK cartridge size?
- Which carbon should I select for my purification?
- What is the housing material?
- What inlet and outlet fittings are required for the housings?
- What is the pressure rating for the housing?
- What is the temperature rating required for the housing?
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Chromatography and Purification
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Bare Silica
- How is silica gel produced?
- What is the difference between silica and polymer?
- How to choose your silica? Which particle size and pore diameter to use?
- How can the presence of fine particles be problematic in chromatography?
- What is the relation between the mesh size (mesh number) and the particle size?
- What is the relationship between the Retention Factor (Rf) and the Column Volume (CV)?
- Does methanol dissolve bare silica?
- I didn't open my silica drum for quite some time and when I did, the silica on the surface had turned yellow. What happened and can I still use it?
- What are the recommended drying conditions for a bare silica which has gained in humidity?
- Is there a way to reduce the acidity of my silica gel if my compound is sensitive to acid?
- Do you have data regarding the trace metal content of your SiliaFlash products?
- What is the difference between the SiliaFlash P60 (R12030B) and F60 (R10030B) irregular silica gels?
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Functionalized Silica
- What is endcapping?
- Are all functionalized products endcapped?
- What is the difference between a monomeric and a polymeric phase?
- How should functionalized silica be handled?
- Can functionalized silica be packed?
- What are the storage conditions for the functionalized silica?
- Does functionalized silica dissolve in methanol or any other standard organic solvents?
- What will happen to my functionalized silica gel if I do not work in the recommended pH scale (between 2 and 10)?
- What is the thermal stability of your chromatographic phases?
- Do I have to work in the dark using silver nitrate (AgNO3) silica-based products?
- I would like to try using a fluorinated phase, which one should I select?
- Which functionalized silica gel is the most appropriate to purify/analyze sugars?
- Silver nitrate (AgNO3) silica-based products can be used for what type of separations?
- What is the Catch and Release technique?
- What is the proper way to condition a reversed-phase glass column?
- My compound binds too strongly on my C18 silica gel, what can I do?
- Does a higher %C for a C18 phase necessarily imply a better retention of hydrophobic compounds?
- What do the abbreviations WAX, SAX, WCX, and SCX mean in Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEC)?
- How do we select the eluent in Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEC)?
- What is the concept behind the separation of the products in Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEC)?
- Why is the counter-ion on a SAX phase important?
- What is the principle of the HILIC mode in chromatography?
- When should we choose the HILIC (Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography) mode over either the normal or the reversed-phase ones?
- Why and when should I add a buffer in my eluent in HILIC mode (Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography)?
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Thin Layer Chromatography
- How to switch to SiliCycle TLC Plates
- What type of TLC plate to choose?
- What type of TLC backing to choose?
- What are channeled TLC plates?
- Which SiliaPlate should I use for method development with a spherical silica gel?
- What are pre-scored TLC plates?
- What are the differences between a polymeric and a gypsum binder (calcium sulfate)? When should I use one over the other?
- What is the utility of a preadsorption zone (also called concentrating zone) of a TLC plate?
- Why should I chose a HPTLC plate over a TLC one?
- How to cut TLC plates on glass support?
- What should I use to cut my TLC plates?
- How to prepare your TLC plate
- How to prepare your sample
- What is the optimal concentration of a solution to load on an analytical TLC?
- What is the approximative volume of solution I can load on a preparative TLC?
- Why have my AgNO3 TLC plates turned grey, and can I still use them?
- Why should I pre-condition my TLC plate and how should I do it?
- How to read a chromatogram?
- Stains for TLC Plates
- What can I do if the spots on my TLC do not have the perfect round shape? (spots appear as a long streak or as a "blob")
- Why am I unable to visualize my spots on my TLC? Neither using UV light nor using stains works
- How to monitor a reaction in presence of similar Rfs for both starting materials and product of interest?
- What is the co-spotting method?
- What to do if compounds stay too close to the baseline or solvent front?
- How to apply your sample
- TLC plate development
- What can I do if I have optimised my method for my preparative TLC, but the compounds are still not showing a sufficient separation?
- Why are my spots running unevenly on my TLC?
- TLC plate visualization
- What is the sample mass loading capacity of preparative TLC plates?
- How can I reveal/vizualize my AgNO3 TLC plates?
- Why can't I directly transfer the Rf's from my reversed-phase TLC to my flash chromatography like I would with normal phases?
- What Rfs should I aim during my method development to maximize retention and analyte separation in low pressure chromatography?
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Flash Cartridges
- Which plastic and frits are used for SiliaSep cartridges and what is the solvent resistance of these materials?
- Do I need an adapter to work with SiliaSep Flash cartridges?
- How to choose the right sized flash cartridge?
- Is it possible to reuse a SiliaSep flash cartridge?
- What is the ideal sample/sorbent ratio for dry loading in flash chromatography?
- How should I load my compound in my SiliaSep cartridge?
- Are the loading capacities of spherical SiliaSep PREMIUM cartridges higher than the irregular SiliaSep ones?
- Other Adsorbents
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Bare Silica
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Sample Preparation
- What is Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)?
- Which plastic and frits are used for SiliaPrep cartridges and what is the solvent resistance of these materials?
- What type of SPE products do you offer?
- How to choose the SPE sorbent?
- How do you determine the quantity of silica required in a SPE tube?
- What are pros and cons of choosing silica or polymer in solid-phase extraction (SPE)?
- Why do I have poor recoveries with my solid-phase extractions and how can I improve it?
- Why do I experience fluctuation in my solid-phase extractions (SPE)?
- Why does my analyte still contain impurities after my solid-phase extraction (SPE)?
- Why does the flow rate fluctuate during my solid-phase extraction (SPE)?
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Analytical and Preparative Chromatography
- Spherical Silica Gels
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HPLC
- What is HPLC?
- HPLC Columns Use Instructions
- What is the appropriate flow rate for the different column dimensions?
- What is the difference between a monomeric and polymeric C18 bonded phase?
- How can the column performance be checked?
- How to scale-up a column for preparative isolation/purification from analytical conditions?
- Why should I use a guard column with my analytical or preparative column?
- How can the columns be cleaned or regenerated?
- How should the columns be stored?
- What is the shipping solvent for your HPLC columns?
- Ideal injection volume vs column dimension
- How much sample can I inject on my LC column?
- Can I get a sharper peak by injecting my sample in a weaker injection solvent?
- What happens if my sample solvent is stronger than my mobile phase?
- Can I operate my column with a 100% aqueous mobile phase?
- What are the common buffers used in HPLC?
- When should I use a gradient?
- Should I run a gradient from 5-95% organic solvent or from 0-100%?
- How are column efficiency, peak asymmetry factor, tailing factor and resolution calculated?
- How do I determine the void volume in HPLC?
- What is the difference between dead volume and dwell volume?
- What to do when there is no flow?
- Why is it difficult to get reproducible retention times in normal phase chromatography?
- What is the cause of variable retention times, loss of resolution or selectivity change?
- Why is my chromatogram showing peak tailing, ghost peaks, fronting peaks, split peaks / shoulder peaks or rounded peaks?
- What to do when there are no peaks, small peaks or negative peaks?
- What is the cause of baseline drift or noise?
- What to do when backpressure increases?
- What size threads are on the end fittings of my HPLC column?
- Why do most users privilege PEEK vs stainless steel fittings and tubing?
- What is the internal diameter of my LC tubing?
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Synthesis and Catalysis
- What is a supported reagent?
- What is an Heterogeneous Catalyst?
- What is a Catch and Release synthesis?
- What is Flow Chemistry?
- What is Microwave Chemistry?
- Do you offer R&D catalyst services?
- Can different functionalized silicas be mixed?
- Won’t the supported reagents leach since they are adsorbed and not bound?
- How much supported reagent should I use for my reaction?
- What kind of solvent should I use with SiliaBond reagents?
- Does the substrate concentration have importance when using a supported reagent?
- At what temperature should supported reagents be used?
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Quality Control
- How does SiliCycle determine the particle size of a gel?
- What is the difference between a Malvern Mastersizer analysis and a Sieving Analysis to determine the particle size distribution of a gel?
- What does the particle size average (D50) and the particle size distribution (D90/D10) sections of a CoA mean?
- How does SiliCycle determine the specific surface area, the pore diameter and the pore volume of a gel?
- How and why do you analyse trace metal content?
- How and why do you measure the pH of your silica gels?
- How and why do you measure the water / volatile content of your silica gels?
- How and why do you measure the Carbon / Nitrogen / Sulfur content of your silica gels?
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General Topics
- Career
- Contact Us
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Worldwide Headquarters SiliCycle Inc., 2500, Parc-Technologique Blvd, Quebec City (Quebec) G1P 4S6, CANADA
Phone: +1 418.874.0054 / Toll Free: +1 877.745.4292 (North America only)
Fax: +1 418.874.0355 E-mail: [email protected]
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