APPLICATION NOTE
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What is Endcapping and Why Do it?

When functionalizing silica gels, it is impossible to react with all available silanol groups (free OH groups on the silica’s surface), thus a second grafting step is done. This is generally done with a small capping agent with low steric hindrance (such as TMS, trimethylsilylchloride, for example). This second grafting step is called endcapping and is done to reduce silanol activity.

For more information about this Application Note: faq/functionalized-silica