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SiliaBond ® Functionalized Silica Gels

SiliCycle is the leader in the development of functionalized silica gels, gathered under the name SiliaBond, for use in organic synthesis.

Functionalized Silica Portfolio

Acids, Bases, Linkers Chromatographic Phases Reagents for Organic Synthesis

Organic Scavengers Metal Scavengers

The backbone of all SiliaBond products is SiliCycle SiliaFlash F60 which provides superior performance for all types of applications due to the narrow particle size distribution and high purity. All the products in this section are made of standard flash silica gel, namely 40-63 µm, 60 Å.

We are able to provide functionalized products based on any of our silicas (SiliaFlash, SiliaSphere & SiliaSphere PC) in any format (SiliaPrep SPE and SiliaSep Flash cartridges, etc.) on a custom basis.

The use of solid supported reagents and scavengers is an excellent way to expedite organic synthesis by simplifying the purification process. Standard purification procedures including chromatography, liquid-liquid extraction, and crystallization can be time-consuming and difficult to scale up. In many cases, supported reagents have distinct advantages over their solution-phase counterparts, the biggest one being the ability to do multiple transformations in a single pot, the immobilization of toxic reagents, and increased selectivity. They are suitable for use in batch reactions and in flow through applications.

 

Advantages of Functionalized Silica over Polymers

  • Fast Kinetics: Since the silica is surface functionalized, the rate of reaction is not controlled by the diffusion in and out of the polymer. Most of our scavengers work under an hour.
  • Solvent Independent: Silica neither shrinks nor swells in any solvent and because it is endcapped, it will not dissolve in any solvent. The SiliaBond does not dictate the solvent of your reaction.
  • Easy to Use: Easy to weigh and handle since silica does not carry a static charge and is always free flowing. Its high density makes it suitable for small volume work. It does not require extensive -washing for high recoveries and will not stick to glassware. It is amenable to automation.
  • Mechanically Stable: Works well with overhead stirring and can be used with a bottom coupled spin bar for up to four hours.
  • Thermally Stable: Most SiliaBond can withstand temperatures of over 200°C and are suitable for use in microwave synthesizers.
  • Easily Scalable: Works on the microgram to the multi-ton scale.
  • Flexible Formats: Because it does not swell, silica gel can be packed into a variety of flow through formats such as HPLC columns, flash and SPE cartridges, and 96 well plates.
  • Controlled Loading: Consistent and accurate loading (lot-to-lot).

 

Application domains

The application domains of the SiliaBond are mainly divided in two:

1. They are either for the separation of mixtures in their individual components (chromatography)

2. As tools in organic synthesis.

classification of functionalized silica gels

For your convenience, we have combined our most popular scavengers and reagents for the most common applications into SiliaBond Kits so you can be prepared with material in hand for any application.

 

Application Notes

Quality Control on SiliaBond

SiliaBond pH Stability

Brockmann & Schodder Activity Test

Common Organic Reactions

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  1. SiliaBond C18 (17%C) Monomeric nec, 40 - 63 µm, 60 Å (R33330B)

    SiliaBond C18 (17%C) Monomeric nec, 40 - 63 µm, 60 Å (R33330B)

    This non-endcapped version of the SiliaBond® C18 15.5% BDS, presents a perfect monolayer of dimethyloctadecylsilane and silanol functions. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance is permitting to use a mobile phase with a higher concentration of water and ion pairing conditions for separation of biomolecules.
  2. SiliaBond C4 (8%C) Polymeric nec (R32130B)

    SiliaBond C4 (8%C) Polymeric nec (R32130B)

    SiliaBond® C4 (or C4) provides less retention towards non-polar compounds than C18 and C8, and is useful in ion-pairing chromatography or to separate large biomolecules.  It works best for molecules with a large hydrophilic region or in case where the hydrophobic region is buried within the structure.
  3. SiliaBond C2 (5%C) Polymeric (R32530B)

    SiliaBond C2 (5%C) Polymeric (R32530B)

    SiliaBond C2 nec is a non-polar sorbent and presents a moderate hydrophobicity. This phase is used to extract extremely non-polar compounds.
  4. SiliaBond C2 (5%C) Polymeric nec (R32630B)

    SiliaBond C2 (5%C) Polymeric nec (R32630B)

    SiliaBond® C2 nec is a non-polar sorbent and presents a moderate hydrophobicity. This phase is used to extract extremely non-polar compounds.
  5. SiliaMetS TAAcONa nec (R69230B)

    SiliaMetS TAAcONa nec (R69230B)

    SiliaMetS TAAcONa or (or SiliaMetS Triaminetetraacetate, sodium salt) is a silica bound metal scavenger for Pd(II), Ni(II) and Cu. It is the supported version of EDTA in its sodium salt form. It is an effective scavenger for metals in higher oxidation state, 2+ or higher.
  6. SiliaMetS Thiourea (THU) (R69530B)

    SiliaMetS Thiourea (THU) (R69530B)

    SiliaMetS Thiourea (Si-THU) is a versatile metal scavenger for all forms of palladium, and is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. Once complexed with a transition metal, it has also been reported as being an effective catalyst. Best scavenger for: Pd & Ru. Good scavenger for: Ag, Cu, Fe, Os, Rh, Sc & Sn.
  7. SiliaMetS Cysteine (CYS) (R80530B)

    SiliaMetS Cysteine (CYS) (R80530B)

    SiliaMetS Cysteine (Si-Cys) is the silica bound equivalent of the amino acid Cysteine. It is a versatile metal scavenger for a variety of metals including Pd, Sn, Ru, Pt, Cu, Rh, Cd and Sc under a wide range of conditions and the preferred metal scavenger for tin residues.
  8. SiliaBond Potassium Permanganate (R23030B)

    SiliaBond Potassium Permanganate (KMNO4) (R23030B)

    Potassium permanganate (KMNO4) is a strong oxidant that will oxidize methyl groups and alcohols to carboxylic acids. SiliaBond® Potassium Permanganate (Si-KMnO4) increases recoveries, facilitates work-up, and expands the scope of the chemistry because it can be used in all organic solvents eliminating solubility issues. With SiliaBond Potassium Permanganate, the manganese salt by-products stays adsorbed onto the silica.
  9. SiliaBond Silver Nitrate (AgNO3, 10%C) (R23530B)

    SiliaBond Silver Nitrate (AgNO3), 40 - 63 µm, 60 Å (R23530B)

    Chromatography with silver nitrate is a well known and established methodology for the separation of non polar compounds with similar polarities.
  10. SiliaBond Pyridinium Chlorochromate (PCC) (R24030B)

    SiliaBond Pyridinium Chlorochromate (PCC) (R24030B)

    SiliaBond Pyridinium Chlorochromate (Si-PCC) is used for the general oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds, selective oxidation of allylic and benzylic alcohols, organometallic oxidation, oxidative transpositions, oxidative cleavages, allylic and benzylic oxidation and oxidative cyclizations.
  11. SiliaBond Pyridinium Dichromate (PDC) (R24530B)

    SiliaBond Pyridinium Dichromate (PDC) (R24530B)

    SiliaBond Pyridinium Dichromate (Si-PDC) may be used as an alternative to Si-PCC in nucleoside and carbohydrate oxidation, particularly for fragile molecules. SiliaBond PDC can also be used in conjunction with tertbutylhydroperoxide for a variety of oxidative transformations.
  12. SiliaBond C18 (17%C) Monomeric, 40 - 63 µm, 60 Å (R33230B)

    SiliaBond C18 (17%C) Monomeric, 40 - 63 µm, 60 Å (R33230B)

    The SiliaBond® C18 16% BDS is the most efficient deactivated C18 reversed-phase. This versatile support is the best choice for your applications in reversed-phase chromatography. This chromatographic phase has been compared with different competitors and presents a better separation for basic compounds.
  13. SiliaBond C4 (8%C) Polymeric (R32030B)

    SiliaBond C4 (8%C) Polymeric (R32030B)

    SiliaBond C4 (or C4) provides less retention towards non-polar compounds than C18 and C8, and is useful in ion-pairing chromatography or to separate large biomolecules.  It works best for molecules with a large hydrophilic region or in case where the hydrophobic region is buried within the structure.
  14. SiliaBond C1 (5%C) Polymeric, 40 - 63 µm, 60 Å (R33030B)

    SiliaBond C1 (5%C), 40 - 63 µm, 60 Å (R33030B)

    SiliaBond® C1 (or C1) has the lowest degree of hydrophobicity of all reversed stationary phases, useful in the separation of large biomolecules that have extensive hydrophobic regions.
  15. SiliaBond Phenyl (PHE) (R34030B)

    SiliaBond Phenyl (PHE) (R34030B)

    SiliaBond Phenyl (Si-PHE) is a sorbent of medium polarity used in reversed-phase chromatography. It has similar retention than C8 but with different selectivity especially for molecules containing aromatics and fatty acids.

  16. SiliaBond Diol nec (R35030B)

    SiliaBond Diol nec (R35030B)

    SiliaBond Diol may also be used as polar sorbent in normal phase and aqueous size exclustion chromatography. Like bare silica, SiliaBond Diol has the ability to form hydrogen bonds and the capacity to separate structural isomers. Since most of its surface is covered with organic functions, the SiliaBond Diol absorbs less water, which leads to a more reproducible activity. It is also the sorbent of choice when working in normal phase in the presence of water.
  17. SiliaBond Glycidoxy (GLY) nec (R36030B)

    SiliaBond Glycidoxy (GLY) nec (R36030B)

    SiliaBond® Glycidoxy (Si-GLY) may be used as a linker for further modification of the surface and for the immobilization of molecules bearing amino, hydroxy, mercapto and thiocarboxylic acid groups.
  18. SiliaBond Cyano (CN, 7%C) (R38030B)

    SiliaBond Cyano (CN, 7%C) (R38030B)

    SiliaBond Cyano (Si-CN) can be used both in normal and reversed-phase chromatography as its polarity marks the separation between the polar and non-polar phases. SiliaBond Cyano is the least retentive polar sorbent in normal phase chromatography and the least retentive of the non-polar sorbents in reversed-phase chromatography.
  19. SiliaBond Dimethylamine (DMA) (R45030B)

    SiliaBond Dimethylamine (DMA) (R45030B)

    SiliaBond Dimethylamine is a silica bound tertiary amine base that can be used in most applications requiring a tertiary amine, particularly as a HCl sponge. Silica bound ammonium salt by-products are easily separated by filtration. This dimethylamine immobilized on silica gel can be used as a base catalyst in Michael or Knoevenagel reactions. It can also be used as a catalyst for alkane oxidation.
  20. SiliaBond Carbamate (CAR) (R50130B)

    SiliaBond Carbamate (CAR) (R50130B)

    SiliaBond® Carbamate (CAR) is a versatile scavenger for nucleophiles. It readily scavenges amines, thiols, thiolates, alcohols, alkoxides, and acidic phenols. Loading is determined by the removal of benzylamine in hexane at room temperature.

  21. SiliaBond Propylsulfonic Acid (SCX-2) (R51230B)

    SiliaBond Propylsulfonic Acid (SCX-2) (R51230B)

    Strong acid widely used in different fields of synthetic organic chemistry. Among these applications, we denote their uses as acid catalysts, stationary phases for ion chromatography and basic impurity scavengers. The most common use is probably as a strong cation exchanger (SCX) for the amine "Catch and Release" purification technique in SPE cartridges.
  22. SiliaBond Propylsulfonic Acid nec (SCX-2) (R51430B)

    SiliaBond Propylsulfonic Acid nec (SCX-2) (R51430B)

    Strong acid widely used in different fields of synthetic organic chemistry. Among these applications, we denote their uses as acid catalysts, stationary phases for ion chromatography and basic impurity scavengers. The most common use is probably as a strong cation exchanger (SCX) for the amine "Catch and Release" purification technique in SPE cartridges.
  23. SiliaBond Amine (WAX) nec (R52130B)

    SiliaBond Amine (WAX) nec (R52130B)

    SiliaBond Amine (Si-NH2) is an effective scavenger of acid chlorides, sulfonyl chlorides, isocyanates and other electrophiles. Si-NH2 has been shown to be effective metal scavenger and catalyst for Knoevenagel reactions. SiliaBond Amine is also used in chromatography as normal phase sorbent.
  24. SiliaBond Piperazine (R60030B)

    SiliaBond Piperazine (PPZ) (R60030B)

    SiliaBond Piperazine (Si-PPZ) is a useful deprotecting and scavenging agent for Fmoc and Bsmoc amino protecting groups and as a solid-phase Knoevenagel catalyst. According to the results of a study, Si-PPZ is superior to its polystyrene-based equivalent. SiliaBond Piperazine may also be used to scavenge electrophiles.
  25. SiliaBond Tosic Acid nec (SCX) scavenger (R60430B)

    SiliaBond Tosic Acid nec (SCX) (R60430B)

    SiliaBond Tosic Acid (SiliaBond SCX, Si-TsOH) is a versatile bound strong acid with a pka <<1, widely used for the scavenging of amines and other basic functionalities, including weakly basic anilines, borohydrides, and metals such as Ni and Ag. It can also be used as an acid catalyst for organic reactions. Si-TsOH can serve as an alternative method to quench reactions instead of aqueous or organic soluble acids.
  26. SiliaBond Tosic Acid (SCX) scavenger (R60530B)

    SiliaBond Tosic Acid (SCX) (R60530B)

    SiliaBond Tosic Acid (SiliaBond SCX, Si-TsOH) is a versatile bound strong acid with a pka <<1. It is widely used for the scavenging of amines and other basic functionalities, including weakly basic anilines, borohydrides, and metals such as Ni and Ag. It can also be used as an acid catalyst for organic reactions. Si-TsOH can serve as an alternative method to quench reactions instead of aqueous or organic soluble acids.
  27. SiliaBond Tridecafluoro (TDF) (R63530B)

    SiliaBond Tridecafluoro (TDF) (R63530B)

    SiliaBond Tridecafluoro (Si-TDF) is a sorbent primarily used to separate fluorinated molecules. It can also be used in fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE) of fluorous-tag compounds as reported for the synthesis of oligosaccharide.
  28. SiliaBond Fluorochrom (FCM) nec (R63730B)

    SiliaBond Fluorochrom (FCM) nec (R63730B)

    SiliaBond Fluorochrom (Si-FCM) is a fluorinated sorbent particularly useful for the separation of fluorine containing molecules from non-fluorous ones. The applications of these types of sorbent are not limited to fluorous compounds but may also be used in chromatographic separation of non-fluorinated molecules, just like a regular reversed-phase would do, but with different selectivity.
  29. SiliaBond Carbonate (CO3) (R66030B)

    SiliaBond Carbonate (CO3) (R66030B)

    SiliaBond Carbonate (Si-CO3) is the silica bound equivalent of tetramethyl ammonium carbonate. It can be used as a general base to quench a reaction, to free base amines in their ammonium salt form and to scavenge acids and acidic phenols, including HOBt, which is widely used in amide coupling reactions.
  30. SiliaBond TMA Acetate (SAX-2) nec (R66430B)

    SiliaBond TMA Acetate (SAX-2) nec (R66430B)

    Strong anion exchangers (SAX) have been widely used in both chromatography and ion exchange SPE to selectively bind acidic drugs and/or analytes. In particular, weakly acidic compounds can be effectively extracted as those types of sorbents retain a permanent positive charge across the pH range. Most commercially available silica-based SAX sorbents are produced with a high selectivity chloride counter ion which reduced retention of acidic drugs when compared with lower selectivity counter ions such as acetate.
  31. SiliaBond Cyanoborohydride (CBH) (R66730B)

    SiliaBond Cyanoborohydride (CBH) (R66730B)

    SiliaBond® Cyanoborohydride (Si-CBH) is the silica bound equivalent of sodium cyanoborohydride. Bound cyanoborohydride is very useful in reductive amination and in the reduction of imines and aldehydes. This problem is minimized with the use of silica bound materials since the toxic cyanide residue remains on the silica.
  32. SiliaBond Pentafluorophenyl (PFP) (R67530B)

    SiliaBond Pentafluorophenyl (PFP) (R67530B)

    SiliaBond® Pentafluorophenyl (Si-PFP) is a sorbent primarily used in the separation of molecules bearing fluorine atoms but may also be used in the separation of non-fluorous compounds such as Taxol and its derivatives. Because of its phenyl ring, Si-PFP has a higher selectivity for aromatics containing molecules compared to the other fluorinated sorbents.
  33. SiliaBond Carboxylic Acid (WCX) (R70030B)

    SiliaBond Carboxylic Acid (WCX) (R70030B)

    SiliaBond Carboxylic Acid (Si-CAA) can be used as a scavenger for amines or carbonates, and for the quench of alkoxides and organometallic reagents. SiliaBond Carboxylic Acid is primarily used as a weak cation exchanger (WCX) in solid phase extraction (SPE) and in HPLC.
  34. SiliaBond Carbodiimide (DCC) (R70530B)

    SiliaBond Carbodiimide (DCC) (R70530B)

    SiliaBond Carbodiimide (Si-DCC) is a bound neutral carbodiimide that may be used for the synthesis of amides, esters, and activated esters.
  35. SiliaBond Ethyl Carbodiimide (EDC) (R70630B)

    SiliaBond Ethyl Carbodiimide (EDC) (R70630B)

    SiliaBond® Ethyl-Dimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide (Si-EDC) reacts in a similar fashion to SiliaBond Carbodiimide (Si-DCC). The advantage of Si-EDC is this new reagent greatly simplifies the work up procedure of the reactions since a simple filtration is all that takes to remove the unwanted side product of the amides formation (urea).
  36. SiliaBond Piperidine (PIP) (R71530B)

    SiliaBond Piperidine (PIP) (R71530B)

    SiliaBond Piperidine (Si-PIP) is a general purpose tertiary amine base to scavenge acids, thereby avoiding salt elimination problems. Also used as a base catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation.
  37. SiliaBond DMAP (R75630B)

    SiliaBond DMAP (R75630B)

    SiliaBond DMAP (Si-DMAP) is the supported equivalent of 4-dimethylaminopyridine commonly used as a nucleophilic catalyst in a wide variety of reactions such as acylation, amidation or acetylation.
  38. SiliaBond Triethylamine (WAX-2) (R76530B)

    SiliaBond Triethylamine (WAX-2) (R76530B)

    SiliaBond Triethylamine (SiliaBond WAX-2) is a silica bound tertiary amine base and can be used in most applications requiring a tertiary amine, particularly as a HCl sponge. SiliaBond Triethylamine is also used as weak anion exchanger (WAX) in SPE.
  39. SiliaBond Ion Exchanger Kit (K31430B), includes: Amine (WAX) ; Carboxylic Acid (WCX) ; Propylsulfonic Acid (SCX-2) ; TMA Chloride (SAX) ; TMA Acetate (SAX-2) ; Tosic Acid (SCX)

    SiliaBond Ion Exchanger Kit (K31430B)

    Includes: Amine (WAX) ; Carboxylic Acid (WCX) ; Propylsulfonic Acid (SCX-2) ; TMA Chloride (SAX) ; TMA Acetate (SAX-2) ; Tosic Acid (SCX)
  40. SiliaMetS Triamine metal scavenger (R48030B)

    SiliaMetS Triamine (R48030B)

    Effective for scavenging metals such as Pb, Co, Ru and Pd. Our screening studies have shown it to be the preferred scavenger for Pb. It can also be used as a scavenger for acid chlorides, isocyanates and other electrophiles.
  41. SiliaMetS Diamine (R49030B)

    SiliaMetS Diamine (R49030B)

    SiliaMetS is a proven scavenger for metals and electrophiles. It scavenges acids, acid chlorides, anhydrides, aldehydes, isocyanates, and chloroformates. Best metal scavenger for: Cr, Pd, Pt, W & Zn. Good scavenger for: Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, Ru, Sc, Se & V.
  42. SiliaMetS Thiol (SH) (R51030B)

    SiliaMetS Thiol (SH) Metal Scavenger (R51030B)

    Our most versatile and robust metal scavenger for a variety of metals under a wide range of conditions. Best scavenger for: Ag, Hg, Os, Pd & Ru. Good scavenger for: Cu, Ir, Pb, Rh, Se & Sn.
  43. SiliaBond Amine (WAX) (R52030B)

    SiliaBond Amine (WAX) (R52030B)

    SiliaBond Amine (Si-NH2) is an effective scavenger of acid chlorides, sulfonyl chlorides, isocyanates and other electrophiles. Si-NH2 has been shown to be effective metal scavenger and catalyst for Knoevenagel reactions. SiliaBond Amine is also used in chromatography as normal phase sorbent.
  44. SiliaMetS TAAcOH nec (R69030B)

    SiliaMetS TAAcOH nec (R69030B)

    SiliaMetS TAAcOH is an effective scavenger for metals in low or zero oxidation states, which includes many of the most synthetically useful catalysts. Best scavenger for: Ca, Co, Ir, Li, Mg, Ni, Os, Ru & Sc. Good scavenger for: Cr, Cs, Fe, Pd, Rh & Sn.
  45. SiliaMetS DMT (Dimercaptotriazine) (R79030B)

    SiliaMetS DMT (Dimercaptotriazine) (R79030B)

    SiliaMetS DMT is the silica - bound equivalent of 2,4,6 - trimercaptotriazine (trithiocyanuric acid, TMT). It is a versatile metal scavenger for a variety of metals and the preferred metal scavenger for ruthenium catalysts and hindered Pd complexes. Best scavenger for: As, Ir, Ni, Os, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru & Se. Good scavenger for: Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Sc & Zn.
  46. SiliaMetS Imidazole (IMI) (R79230B)

    SiliaMetS Imidazole (IMI) (R79230B)

    SiliaMetS Imidazole (Si-IMI) is a versatile metal scavenger for a variety of metals under a wide range of conditions and the preferred metal scavenger for iron catalysts. Best scavenger for: Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ir, Li, Mg, Ni, Os, W & Zn. Good scavenger for: Cr, Pd & Rh. It can also be used as an amine base in systems that are generally sensitive to basic conditions compared to other SiliaMetS supported bases.
  47. SiliaBond C18 (17%) Polymeric (R00230B)

    SiliaBond C18 (17%) Polymeric (R00230B)

    The homogeneous coverage of the trifunctional C18 ensures great separation for hydrophobic compounds with lot-to-lot high reproducibility and inhibits the non-specific interaction with residual silanols. The SiliaBond® Polymeric C18 (17%) is the traditional matrix for reversed-phase chromatography. Considered as the least selective phase since it interacts with wide range of organics and biological molecules.
  48. SiliaBond Guanidine (GUA) (R68230B)

    SiliaBond Guanidine (GUA) (R68230B)

    SiliaBond Guanidine is a silica-supported diisopropylguanidine ligand. It is a very powerful scavenger for the chelating of organic acids in general, especially boronic acids and phenolic acids. It may also be used as a very strong base. It is sufficiently basic to deprotonate moderately acidic hydrogens, as in the alkylation of amines and phenols (Williamson ether synthesis) and the esterification of carboxylic acids using alkyl halides.
  49. SiliaBond C8 (11%C) Monomeric (R30830B) 2
  50. SiliaMetS metal scavengers kit (K30730B), including: Cysteine, DMT, Imidazole, Triamine, TAAcOH, TAAcONa, Thiol & Thiourea

    SiliaMetS Metal Scavengers Kit (K30730B)

    Includes: Cysteine ; DMT ; Imidazole ; TAAcOH ; TAAcONa ; Thiol ; Thiourea ; Triamine

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